Basque etymology : Query result

Proto-Basque: *hel-

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 to come 2 to arrive

Bizkaian: el-du 2

Gipuzkoan: (Andoain) el-du 2

High Navarrese: (Ondarrabia) el-du 1

Low Navarrese: hel-du 1, 2

Lapurdian: hel-du 1

Zuberoan: hél-tü 1, 2

Proto-Basque: *[h]el- / *-hali / *aɫha

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 to bite 2 to be sore, inflamed 3 meal(time) 4 grazing, pasture

Bizkaian: el-du 2, -ari 3

Gipuzkoan: el-du 1, ala 4, -ari 3

High Navarrese: -ari 3, (Oyarzun) ala 4

Low Navarrese: -(h)ari 3, alha 4

Salazarese: -ari 3

Lapurdian: -(h)ari 3, alha 4

Zuberoan: -(h)ari 3, álha 4

Roncalese: -ari 3, ala 4

Comments: Bsq *[h]el- / *-hali / *aɫha seem to be permutations of the same original root (cf. PEC *=iʡwVl 'to feed on, eat, bite'). Bsq *-hali 'meal(time)' occurs only in compounds: (B-arc) gosaari ‘breakfast’ (< *gośa-hali: see *gośe ‘hunger, hungry’); (Z-arc) barazkari ‘midday meal, lunch’, (c) bazkari id. (cf. *barace ‘garden’); (BN) auhari ‘dinner (supper)’, (Z) aihá(r)i, (R) aigári, (B, G, BN, L) afari, (L) aphari, (B, G) apari, (Sal) abari, etc. (cf. *gau ‘night’?), etc.

Proto-Basque: *hera-ki

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to boil (trans.)

Bizkaian: irakin

Gipuzkoan: irakin

High Navarrese: irakin

Low Navarrese: herakin, erakin, irakitu, (Amikuse) erakitu

Salazarese: iraki

Lapurdian: irakin

Zuberoan: heráki, iraki

Roncalese: eraki, erakitu

Proto-Basque: *herći

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 tight, narrow, cramped 2 worried, exhausted 3 nasal congestion, catarrh 4 to close 5 to squeeze, press

Araban: itsi 4

Bizkaian: es-tu 1, 2, 3, (arc) itsi 4

Gipuzkoan: es-tu 1, 2, 3, itxi 4

High Navarrese: es-tu 1, 2, itxi 4, (Elkano) ertxi 4

Low Navarrese: hertsi, hetsi 1, 4, hers-tu 5

Lapurdian: hertsi, hetsi, hers-tu 1, 4

Baztanese: ertsi 4

Zuberoan: hertsi, hérsi 1, 4

Roncalese: ersi 1, ers-tu 5

Comments: For internal -r- cf. Proto-Lezghian: *ʡirč̣Vn- ( ~ ħ-) > Rutul =ir(i)č̣a- 'to press, squeeze'.

Proto-Basque: *her̄i

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: people, population, nation, country

Bizkaian: erri

Gipuzkoan: erri

High Navarrese: erri

Low Navarrese: herri

Lapurdian: herri

Zuberoan: hérri

Roncalese: erri

Comments: From the probable PSC original meaning Bsq *her̄i has become broader (‘people, nation’ + the land they occupy), while PNC *ʡwǝ̆hri is more restricted (‘part of the people who fight in war’).

Proto-Basque: *her̄o

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 root (tree, plant, tooth) 2 nipple (of udder) 3 udder

Bizkaian: erro 1, 2, erra-pe 3

Gipuzkoan: erro 1, 2

High Navarrese: erro 1, 2

Low Navarrese: erro 1, erra-pe 3

Lapurdian: erro 1, 2, erra-pe 3

Baztanese: erra-pe 3

Zuberoan: herro 1, herrá-pe 3

Roncalese: erro 1, ra-pé 3

Comments: Initial *h preserved only in ZBR. Loss of /h/ in LAB, BNV probably due to inter-dialectal borrowing.

Proto-Basque: *Herug(ʷ)i

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 salamander 2 scorpion

Bizkaian: (Zornoza) eruge 1, (Lekeitio, Markina) erube 1

Gipuzkoan: arrubi 1, 2, (Andoain) arrobi 2

High Navarrese: (Oyarzun) arrobi 2, (Irun, Ondarrabia) arrobio 1

Low Navarrese: harrobi 2

Lapurdian: harrubi 1, 2, (Ainhoa) harrobi 2

Zuberoan: arrogi 2

Comments: Cf. Bsq *erɫuɫi 'salamander, scorpion', which seems to be partially blended with this word. Some forms appear to have been influenced by *har̄i 'stone': cf. LAB harrobi 'cavern, quarry' < *har̄i + *hobi.

Proto-Basque: *hese

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 fresh, wet, moist, green (plant) 2 lascivious, sensual

Bizkaian: eze 1, 2, ezo 1, ezko 1

Gipuzkoan: eze, ezko 1

High Navarrese: eze 1, 2

Low Navarrese: heze 1, ezti 1

Lapurdian: heze 1, 2

Zuberoan: heze 1, ezti 1

Roncalese: eze 1

Comments: Also with /ś/: BNV, LAB hese 'fresh, moist, green', BZK ese id.

Proto-Basque: *hestu-n

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 link (of a chain) 2 (finger-)ring 3 mesh (of a net) 4 strand (of yarn) 5 ring (general)

Bizkaian: el-aztun 2, 5, er-aztun, err-aztun 2, 5, er-eztun 2, 5, (Arratia, Otxandiano) el-eztun 2, 5

Gipuzkoan: el-aztun 2, 5, er-aztun 2, 5

High Navarrese: er-aztun 2, 5

Low Navarrese: erh-aztun 2, 5

Salazarese: eztun 4, extun 1

Lapurdian: er-aztun, (Ainhoa) err-aztun 5

Baztanese: er-aztun 2, 5

Zuberoan: üztün 1, 3, 5, erh-áztün 2, 5

Roncalese: er-eztun 2, 5

Comments: Most of the words are compounds with Bsq *elhi 'finger' (q.v.). The change to trilled /r̄/ (err-) is unusual and secondary. One of the words in which Bsq *-st- corresponds to a tense NC sibilant/affricate (here *-c̣_-).

Proto-Basque: *heuga[l]i / *heu[l]agi

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 abundant 2 to increase, multiply

Bizkaian: ugari 1, ugal-du 2

Gipuzkoan: ugari 1, ugal-du 2

High Navarrese: ugari 1

Lapurdian: heuragi 1 (Leizarraga)

Zuberoan: heuregi 1 (Oihenart)

Comments: Note the metathesized variants in PNC *HāχuɫV / *HālχV as well as in Bsq.

Proto-Basque: *hi

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: thou (familiar)

Araban: i

Bizkaian: i

Gipuzkoan: i

High Navarrese: i

Low Navarrese: hi

Salazarese: i

Lapurdian: hi

Baztanese: i

Aezkoan: i

Zuberoan: hi

Roncalese: i, (Vidángoz) yi

Comments: The root also exists as the verbal affix (initial) *h-, (medial) *-ga-, (final) *-k (second person singular familiar). The medial and final affixes are specifically masculine, opposed to feminine *-na-, *-n. This is the only instance of grammatical sex marking in Bsq.

Proto-Basque: *higuni

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 hatred, loathing 2 to hate, loathe 3 hateful, loathsome 4 (man) to put away one's wife 5 (bird) to abandon one's eggs 6 to wean (a child) 7 hated 8 become hated

Bizkaian: iguin 1, iguin-du 2, (arc) {ygui, yguy} 1, 7

Gipuzkoan: igui-tu 2

High Navarrese: iguin 1, 2

Low Navarrese: higuin 1, 2, 4, 5

Salazarese: iguin 1

Lapurdian: higuin 1, 3, 4, 5, higuin-du 6

Zuberoan: higüin 4, 5, (Barkoxe) hügü̃́ 7, hügü̃́n-tü 8

Roncalese: ugun 1

Comments: Chamali jiχan- 'to hate' is especially close to the Bsq words.

Proto-Basque: *hil

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 to die; dead 2 to kill 3 to put out, extinguish (lights)

Bizkaian: il 1

Gipuzkoan: il 1, 2

High Navarrese: il 1

Low Navarrese: hil 1, 3

Salazarese: il 1, 2, 3

Lapurdian: hil 1, 2, 3

Baztanese: il 1, 2

Zuberoan: hil 1, 3

Roncalese: il 1, 2, 3

Proto-Basque: *hil-, *hiɫa-

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 moon, 2 month, 3 moon in 4th qtr. ('high moon')

Araban: irargi 1

Bizkaian: iretargi, ilargi, illargi, irargi 1, illa-bete 2, il-gora 3, (Goñi, Olza) illergi 1

Gipuzkoan: ilargi, illargi 1, illa-bete 2, il-gora 3

High Navarrese: ilargi, illargi 1, illa-bete 2, il-gora 3

Low Navarrese: ilhargi 1, hila-bete, ila-bethe 2, (Otxagabia, Salazar) ilaski 1

Salazarese: ilaski 1

Lapurdian: ilhargi 1, hila-bete 2

Baztanese: illargi 1

Zuberoan: hila-bethe 2

Proto-Basque: *hir̄i

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 laugh, laughter 2 mockery 3 smile 4 to smile 5 hurly-burly, hubbub

Bizkaian: irri 2, irri-barre 3

High Navarrese: irri-abar 3

Low Navarrese: irri 1, 2, hirrun-harrun 5, (Hazparren) hirri-skina-tu 4

Lapurdian: hirri 1, 2, hirrun-harrun 5

Zuberoan: hirrun-harrun 5

Proto-Basque: *hiro

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 pus 2 rottenness, decay 3 tinder (from the interior of a tree)

Bizkaian: iro 3

Gipuzkoan: iro 3

Lapurdian: hiro 1

Zuberoan: híro 2, 2

Comments: Cf. PEC *x[ē]rxV 'slime; spittle, snot', which seems to be a reduplicated form in comparison with Bsq *hiro, consistent with PSC *x[ē]ŕV́.

Proto-Basque: *hobe

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 better 2 more

Bizkaian: oba 1

Gipuzkoan: obe 1

High Navarrese: obe 1

Low Navarrese: hobe, hobe-ki 1

Salazarese: abo-ro 2

Lapurdian: hobe, hobe-ki 1

Zuberoan: hóbe, hobé-ki 1, habó-ro 2

Roncalese: obe 1, ob-ro 2

Comments: Cf. especially Archi hiba-t:ut- 'good' (comp. by Bouda, 1948). Bsq *hobe is used as a comparative of *hon 'good' (q.v.).

Proto-Basque: *hobi

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: grave, tomb

Bizkaian: obi

Gipuzkoan: obi

High Navarrese: obi

Low Navarrese: hobi

Lapurdian: hobi

Zuberoan: hobi

Roncalese: obi

Comments: This word is a homonym of Bsq *ho[gu]i 'gum, tissue around teeth' (q.v.) in some dialects, but is of distinct origin. Cf. PNC *fiwɨ 'grave'.

Proto-Basque: *hoc

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: cold (n., adj.)

Bizkaian: otz

Gipuzkoan: otz

High Navarrese: otz

Low Navarrese: hotz

Salazarese: otz

Lapurdian: hotz

Baztanese: otz

Aezkoan: otz

Zuberoan: hotz

Roncalese: otz

Comments: As a verb: *hos-tu > hoztu, oztu.

Proto-Basque: *hoć

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 noise, sound 2 fame, reputation 3 passion, longing, mania, strong inclination 4 search(ing)

Bizkaian: ots 1, 2

Gipuzkoan: ots 1, 2

High Navarrese: ots 1, 2

Low Navarrese: hots 1, 2

Lapurdian: hots 1, 2, 3

Baztanese: ots 4

Zuberoan: hots 1, 2

Roncalese: ots 1, 2, 4

Comments: Bsq-NC phonetic similarity is apparent, but semantic correlations are more difficult. S.A. Starostin reconstructed PSC *kwɨ̄́jcV̆ ‘spirit, appearance, demon’. Note especially the semantic similarity of Bsq (L) hots ‘strong inclination’ and Archi kus ‘habit’.